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2014年9月1日星期一

How to Synchronize LED Lights With iPod Music

How to Synchronize LED Lights With iPod Music

Lights that blink on and off in time with music are often used by dance clubs to excite the crowd. To create your own "light show" with the music coming from an iPod, use a music sync device. There are a number of these devices available from computer and electronics stores, and even hobby shops. These devices all work in a similar manner to control the illumination of lights in time with audio. Those that include LED lights as part of their makeup eliminate the need for any assembly work whatsoever. An audio speaker, however, will also be needed (e.g., an iPod music dock) in order for the iPod's music to be heard.

Instructions
1
Place the music sync device on a table. Stretch out the LED light modules attached to the music sync device so that they form an irregular pattern on the table. Plug the music sync device's power cord into a wall socket for power. Press the music sync device's power button to turn it on and supply power to the LED lights.

2
Place the speaker dock on the table. Plug its power cord into a wall socket for power. Insert the iPod into the speaker dock's iPod connector.

Aim the front of the music sync device, which contains the built-in microphone, toward the front of the speaker dock.

4
Press the power button on the speaker dock to turn it on. Press the "Menu" button on the iPod to bring up the menu. Select "Music" from the menu. Scroll down the list of choices on the screen and select a playlist. Press the "Play" button to begin playing songs from the playlist.

5
Press the "Volume +" button on the speaker dock to increase the audio volume. Continue increasing the audio volume until the LED lights of the music sync device begin to blink.

6
Adjust the fine-tuning knob on the music sync device to control the speed and intensity of the light's blinking. Turn the room lights off and enjoy the light show as the music plays.

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How to Focus a Light-Emitting Diode

Light-emitting diodes have graduated well beyond their initial roles as panel indicator lights. Now LEDs are used for applications such as flashlights, automobile headlights and architectural lighting. Although LEDs are readily available, they're not very useful unless the light they generate can be routed from where it is to where it needs to be.

For use as laboratory sources, it's often valuable to collimate the light from an LED, to turn it into a "light beam." The calculations are more involved when using high-power LEDs for specialty or general lighting.

Instructions
Using an LED as a Collimated Source

1
Identify the illumination pattern for the LED. Usually the manufacturer will, at a minimum, provide the divergence angles in the x and y directions.

As an example, assume the LED has a divergence of 38 degrees in x and 47 degrees in y.

2
Determine the appropriate focal lengths to get the desired beam size.

The focal length is given by the formula f = D/(2*tan(alpha/2)), where D is the desired beam diameter and alpha is the full beam divergence in the direction in question.

For this example, take a desired beam diameter of 25 mm. Then,

fx = 25/(2*tan(38/2) = 36 mm

fy = 25/(2*tan(47/2) = 29 mm

3.Place the shorter focal length cylindrical lens at its own focal length away from the LED.

In the example, a cylindrical lens with a focal length of 29 mm will be placed 29 mm away from the LED, oriented so that it focuses the y direction.

4
Mark an index card with the desired beam diameter, and check to see that the beam stays at that size over the required distance. Adjust the position of the lens to keep the beam in the desired diameter.

In the example, the index card will have a 25 mm diameter circle, and the lens is adjusted to keep the vertical dimension of the beam as nearly as possible within the circle.

5
Place the longer focal length lens its own focal length away from the LED.

For the example, a cylindrical lens with a focal length of 36 mm is placed 36 mm away from the LED, oriented so that it focuses the x direction.

6
Adjust the second lens position to optimize the collimation. Use the index card as a guide.

To complete the example, adjust the 36 mm focal length lens to keep the width of the beam as nearly as possible within the circle.

7
Select an appropriate anamorphic prism pair. An alternative to two cylindrical lenses is to place an anamorphic prism pair close to the LED, which circularizes the beam, equalizing the divergence in the x and y directions. A single lens with the focal length collimates the beam.

Using LEDs for Illumination
8
Find the output pattern for the LED. Whether the white color is created by superimposing light from LED chips of different colors, or by emission from a phosphor-coated ultraviolet LED, the emission pattern is the starting point. Manufacturer's data sheets provide this information.

9
Define the desired illumination pattern. A desktop task light and a streetlight have quite different target illumination patterns.

10
Model the system in an optical design program. These programs accept manufacturer's data files as input, then propagate the light through a user-defined optical system, and calculate the final illumination pattern.

11
Use the internal optimization routine of the optical design program to tweak the optical surfaces and adjust the output illumination pattern.

Tips & Warnings
Collimation is never perfect, especially with LED sources, because they are not point sources. Accept some divergence in the collimated beam.

High-power LEDs suitable for illumination are significantly different from small-indicator LEDs. The high-power devices aren't just brighter; they are also physically larger and have a more uniform illumination pattern.

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How to Focus a Light-Emitting Diode

How to Focus a Light-Emitting Diode

Light-emitting diodes have graduated well beyond their initial roles as panel indicator lights. Now LEDs are used for applications such as flashlights, automobile headlights and architectural lighting. Although LEDs are readily available, they're not very useful unless the light they generate can be routed from where it is to where it needs to be.

For use as laboratory sources, it's often valuable to collimate the light from an LED, to turn it into a "light beam." The calculations are more involved when using high-power LEDs for specialty or general lighting.

Instructions
Using an LED as a Collimated Source

1
Identify the illumination pattern for the LED. Usually the manufacturer will, at a minimum, provide the divergence angles in the x and y directions.

As an example, assume the LED has a divergence of 38 degrees in x and 47 degrees in y.

2
Determine the appropriate focal lengths to get the desired beam size.

The focal length is given by the formula f = D/(2*tan(alpha/2)), where D is the desired beam diameter and alpha is the full beam divergence in the direction in question.

For this example, take a desired beam diameter of 25 mm. Then,

fx = 25/(2*tan(38/2) = 36 mm

fy = 25/(2*tan(47/2) = 29 mm

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3
Place the shorter focal length cylindrical lens at its own focal length away from the LED.

In the example, a cylindrical lens with a focal length of 29 mm will be placed 29 mm away from the LED, oriented so that it focuses the y direction.

4
Mark an index card with the desired beam diameter, and check to see that the beam stays at that size over the required distance. Adjust the position of the lens to keep the beam in the desired diameter.

In the example, the index card will have a 25 mm diameter circle, and the lens is adjusted to keep the vertical dimension of the beam as nearly as possible within the circle.

5
Place the longer focal length lens its own focal length away from the LED.

For the example, a cylindrical lens with a focal length of 36 mm is placed 36 mm away from the LED, oriented so that it focuses the x direction.

6
Adjust the second lens position to optimize the collimation. Use the index card as a guide.

To complete the example, adjust the 36 mm focal length lens to keep the width of the beam as nearly as possible within the circle.

7
Select an appropriate anamorphic prism pair. An alternative to two cylindrical lenses is to place an anamorphic prism pair close to the LED, which circularizes the beam, equalizing the divergence in the x and y directions. A single lens with the focal length collimates the beam.

Using LEDs for Illumination

8
Find the output pattern for the LED. Whether the white color is created by superimposing light from LED chips of different colors, or by emission from a phosphor-coated ultraviolet LED, the emission pattern is the starting point. Manufacturer's data sheets provide this information.

9
Define the desired illumination pattern. A desktop task light and a streetlight have quite different target illumination patterns.

10
Model the system in an optical design program. These programs accept manufacturer's data files as input, then propagate the light through a user-defined optical system, and calculate the final illumination pattern.

11
Use the internal optimization routine of the optical design program to tweak the optical surfaces and adjust the output illumination pattern.

Tips & Warnings
Collimation is never perfect, especially with LED sources, because they are not point sources. Accept some divergence in the collimated beam.

High-power LEDs suitable for illumination are significantly different from small-indicator LEDs. The high-power devices aren't just brighter; they are also physically larger and have a more uniform illumination pattern.

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What Are the Advantages of Using LED Lights?

LED stands for light-emitting diode and is a still-developing technology that may some day completely replace the incandescent bulb for lighting purposes. LEDs are commonly used in traffic lights and Christmas lights because of their long lifespan and low electricity requirements. LED bulbs are also very responsive and can light up to full brightness within microseconds.

Benefits
LEDs are more beneficial than incandescent bulbs and even compact fluorescent bulbs for a number of reasons. They use significantly less power than incandescent or fluorescent bulbs. They also last long: according to the U.S. Department of Energy, LEDs last around 25 times as long as incandescent bulbs. Unlike compact fluorescent bulbs, LEDs do not contain mercury so they pose less of an environmental hazard when they burn out.

History
The first LED was created in 1907 by a British scientist H. J. Round. The first practical use was developed in 1962 by G.E. employee Nick Holonyak, Jr., who developed a red LED that could be used as indicators on phones, televisions and calculators. However, these first commercial LED were not bright enough to be used to light a room. As the technology developed, more colors were made available. Today, only white proves a difficult color to create and the "white" LED lights produce more of a blueish white color that has limited LED implementation.

Considerations
LEDs are a great way to save money on cooling and electricity costs. LEDs do not produce as much heat when in use so you will reduce your air-conditioning bills during the warm months. LEDs also burn out slowly so you can see the light intensity decreasing. This way you know when it needs to be replaced rather than incandescent bulbs, which burn out suddenly.

Function
LED lights have several functional advantages over other bulbs. First, LEDs are solid-state components. This means that they do not require any moving parts. In addition, LEDs are much more durable than traditional glass bulbs. Finally, the lifespan of an LED bulb is not cut by switching it on and off frequently like incandescent bulbs are.

Warning
LEDs are more expensive to purchase than incandescent and fluorescent bulbs. The performance of an LED can be decreased if the surrounding temperatures are high, which can limit its use in cars or hospitals. Moreover, the light produced can only be shined in one direction and at a much more narrow angle than conventional light sources.

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How to Use Red Light Therapy

There are many ways in which light is used to affect the human body, from strobe lights to tanning beds. It can also be used to heal. One of the more recent developments in light treatments is red light therapy. Originally developed by NASA in the 1950s, the public can now benefit from this therapy as well, for a range of conditions. For instance, the University of California's "Dermatology Journal Online" reports benefits in the treatment of acne.

Instructions
1
Choose your red light therapy device. They range in size from lipstick-shaped hand-held lights to large, tabletop lamps. The former are for targeting skin conditions such as acne and cold sores, while the latter tend to be for muscle complaints. Ensure that the device is FDA-approved.

2
Remove any makeup or other skin products before using red light therapy. Do not leave any products on your skin. (You can moisturize after the treatment is complete.)

Place the light source over the affected area. The small, hand-held devices come with a filter so that you can place the device on your skin. Hold the larger devices a couple of inches from the skin. For instance, hold larger hand-held devices intended to relieve muscle pain in the legs away from the skin and move up and down the legs, a little like a metal-detection baton at the airport. For larger areas, the sufferer may sit in front of a table-top device with several light sources or lie under a long light source.

4
Apply the red light therapy for a duration applicable to the ailment. Small devices for facial skin complaints are typically deployed for 1 minute three times a day. For other treatments, such as for muscle pain, a common duration would be a daily dose of two 5-minute sessions, with a break of 3 minutes in between.

5
Understand how the red light therapy works. Red light has the longest light waves of any colored light. This means it penetrates deeper into the skin. As such, you will feel a slight warming of the skin that is being treated.

Tips & Warnings
Be aware that red light therapy does not offer immediate resolution. However, with regular treatments, users should see improvements after 30 days or so.

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How to Use an LED With a 9 Volt Battery

How to Use an LED With a 9 Volt Battery

LEDs are light-emitting diodes. They are specifically created to emit light, whether visible, infrared or near infrared. LEDs are polarized, which means that the way they are placed inside circuits is important. They are categorized by factors such as their color, intensity, size, voltage and viewing angle. They are sensitive to current, and so must be used in series with a resistor to prevent their self-destruction. To calculate the value of the resistor needed with a 9-volt battery, use Ohm's Law. Ohm's Law is a formula where the resistance R is equal to the voltage V divided by the current I.

Instructions
Instructions

1
Obtain the values for the LED voltage and maximum current. This may be done by reading them off of the LED datasheet or package.

2
Study Ohm's Law to calculate the minimum value for a current limiting resistor for an LED. It is R = (Voltage Source -- LED Voltage)/LED current.

Calculate the minimum value of the required resistance. For example, given a 9-volt battery, and a 2-volt LED with a maximum current of 30 mA, the required resistance R is (9 V -- 2 V)/0.03 A = 233 ohms. Note that milliamps must be converted to amps by dividing by 1000. Also, the absolute minimum R should be avoided; use a 240-ohm, 330-ohm or higher valued resistor instead.

4
Wire the 2-volt LED or another low-voltage one in series with a resistor and battery. First, attach the positive side of the battery to the breadboard, and connect one end of the resistor to this side. Connect the positive side of the LED to the free end of the resistor. Place the negative terminal of the LED to ground, and then also wire the negative side of the battery to ground. The LED will light.

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How to Find LED Disco Lighting

How to Find LED Disco Lighting

Disco lighting may have gotten its commercial club start during the disco era of the 1970s, but the "disco" effect of a light hitting a mirrored ball can be identified as early as 1943, in the movie "Casablanca." Today, club owners and DJs are still trying to create the experience that the '70s club era tried to perfect creating the Disco LED effect. The LED component of disco lighting actually creates a more vibrant feel than traditional disco lights, while being more efficient when it comes to power. LED disco lights also last longer than traditional lights.

Instructions
1
Go to Internet auction sites like eBay and liquidation sites where you are likely to find closeout inventory from club owners and DJs at a reduced cost. Search for LED disco lights.

2
Check with specialty sites such as Disco-Designer and Cheap DJ Gear that have stock in Disco LED lighting specifically. These online retailers who focus in this niche often carry a decent amount of LED disco lighting inventory from which to choose.

3.Check DJ forums. You can do a search on LED disco lighting or join the community and ask for recommendations. Many LED club lights now allow for DJs to control how and when the lighting occurs in a club setting.

4
Visit the LED expo webpage. Every year it has a conference. Plan to attend or go to the website and select "Exhibitors." Select "Exhibitor's List." Scroll through the results and visit the web pages of the companies which interest you.

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