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2014年9月1日星期一

How to Make a 120V LED

LEDs operate at a voltage of several volts DC so that powering LEDs from 120V requires a transformer to step down the voltage and a rectifier to change the AC to DC. The easiest way to obtain a low voltage, DC supply is to use a wall transformer or a "brick" of the kind used to power laptops or other DC devices. These transformers are not regulated so it is important to match their voltage and current to that of the LED system. The voltage can be matched by connecting a resistor in series with each LED, and the current can be matched by connecting several LED and resistor branches in parallel.

Instructions
1
Calculate the current and voltage needed for the wall transformer from the specifications for the LEDs. For a single system, all the LEDs should be the same. Find the forward voltage and continuous current of the LEDs. Typical LED voltages are around 3 volts and standard LEDs carry 20 or 30 milliamps, while power LEDs may carry 200 milliamps.

The voltage of the wall transformer should be several times that of the LEDs to allow for the resistor connected in series. The higher voltage will mean that the LED voltage and current will fluctuate less when there are changes in the circuit due to temperature or loading. Add the currents of all the LEDs. The transformer rated output current should be slightly more than the total LED current. Typical wall transformer ratings are 12V DC and 800 milliamps.

2
Calculate the value of the resistors. Subtract the LED voltage from the wall transformer output voltage. For the example given above, it would be 9 volts. Resistance "R" equals voltage "V" divided by current "I." If the current for each LED is 200 milliamps or 0.2A, the resistance required will be R=9/0.2 or 45 ohm. The watt rating of the resistance will be V x I or 9 x 0.2 = 1.8 Watts. The next larger size, perhaps 2 Watts would be suitable.

3
Wire up the circuit. Build one branch of the LED circuit by wiring one side of the resistor to the positive side of one of the LEDs. The positive side has the longer lead, and the negative side is beside a flat spot on the LED casing. Then wire the negative side of the LED to the negative output of the wall transformer. The wall transformer nameplate shows which wire is positive and which is negative. Wire the other side of the resistor to the positive output of the wall transformer. Wire up additional LED branches and connect them in the same way to fully load the wall transformer. Switch on the circuit and use the multimeter to measure the branch currents to make sure they are not above the specified maximum LED currents.

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How to Wire a 5V LED to a 9V Battery

How to Wire a 5V LED to a 9V Battery

Almost all standard light emitting diodes require a voltage of between 1.5 to 4-volts to operate. Connecting the light emitting diode (LED) to a higher voltage will normally quickly destroy the LED, by causing it to burn out. However, many electronics stores sell LEDs which are marked as five-volt, and these can be directly connected to a five-volt power supply without damage. Although these are normal LEDs, they have an in-built resistor which drops the voltage down from five-volts to the voltage required by the LED. Five-volt LEDs can be connected to a nine-volt battery, but an external resistor is also needed in order to drop the voltage to the five volts required.

Instructions
Calculate the Required Resistor Value

1
Find the current required for the LED from the LED packaging, or online from the manufacturer's material data sheet. This will be labeled as forward current and displayed in milliamps.

2
Calculate the resistor value using ohm's law, which states: voltage = current times resistance. The required voltage drop is four volts, as the battery provides nine volts and five volts is needed to power the LED. Putting the voltage drop and an example LED current of 20 milliamps into the equation gives: 4 = 0.02 x R. This can be rearranged as: R = 4 / 0.02 = 200 ohms. A 200-ohm resistor will be needed in series with the LED.

3.Calculate the required power rating for the resistor, using the formula: power = current times voltage. Putting the values into the equation above gives: power = 0.02 x 4 = 0.08 watts. Standard carbon resistors have a power rating of 0.25 watts, so 0.08 watts is well within their operating range.

Build the Circuit
4
Cut a piece of electrical wire to run between the positive terminal of the battery and the resistor. Remove a small amount of insulation from each end using the utility knife or wire strippers. Solder one end of the wire to a lead on the 200-ohm resistor.

5
Cut another piece of wire, and strip a small amount of insulation from each end. Solder one end of the wire to the free lead on the resistor and the other end to the positive connection on the LED.

6
Strip the insulation from the ends of a third piece of wire and solder one end to the negative connection on the LED. The other end will be connected to the negative terminal on the battery.

7
Connect the wire leading to the resistor to the positive terminal of the nine-volt battery, and the wire from the negative connection on the LED to the negative terminal of the battery. This causes the LED to light up, with the resistor protecting from the excess voltage.

Tips & Warnings
Online LED resistor calculators are available that perform the necessary calculations for you, once the details for the LED have been entered.

Do not connect the five-volt LED directly to the nine-volt battery, as it will quickly burn out.

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What Type of LED Light Bulb Is Best for a Bedroom?

LED light bulbs use less energy than traditional incandescent light bulbs. LED light bulbs also last much longer. There are several issues to consider when selecting the best LED light bulb for your bedroom.

Types
There are two main types of LED light bulbs. The flood style mainly is used for outdoor lighting. LED light bulbs with a globe shape are the best choice for your bedroom.

Color Temperature
The color temperature scale indicates the hue of light cast by a light bulb. For bedrooms, the ideal color temperature for an LED light bulb is 2,500 to 4,000 Kelvin.

Wattage
The amount of wattage needed for bedroom lighting depends on your needs. A 10-watt LED light bulb is comparable to a 50-watt incandescent bulb. For brighter light, choose a higher wattage.

Reading
Use an LED light bulb with a beam angle of 30 to 70 degrees if you read in your bedroom. This will let you light one part of your bedroom.

Features
Since LED light bulbs can last much longer than incandescent light bulbs, they make a good choice for light fixtures that are hard to reach.

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How to Change Noma LED Mini Light Bulbs

How to Change Noma LED Mini Light Bulbs

Noma LED mini lights are an energy-efficient alternative to incandescent light bulbs for your Christmas decorating needs. The wedge design of Noma LED mini lights is the same as their incandescent counterpart, so replacing the light will feel familiar to you. LED lights cost more, but the lights last longer, the colors do not fade, and the lights do not heat up, which lowers the risk of burns and fire.

Instructions
1
Unsnap the clip on the light.

2
Remove the light by pulling it out.

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3
Insert a new light in the open socket.

4
Snap the clip back on the light to hold it in place.

5
Plug the lights in to test the replacement light.

Tips & Warnings
While replacing lights, be sure the light strand is not plugged in.

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Can You Disable the Light on a Logitech QuickCam?

Logitech’s QuickCam webcam series feature a small LED light that indicates to the user when the camera is active. The LED indicator is enabled by default on all QuickCam models, but certain models offer users the option to disable it. Controls for the LED light are found in Logitech’s QuickCam drivers; these drivers need to be located and installed before the user is granted control over the LED light. According to Logitech, LED toggling is available only on the QuickCam Pro for Notebooks and the QuickCam Pro 9000.
Instructions
Download and Install the QuickCam Drivers

1
Point your Web browser to the Logitech Support and Downloads page (listed in Resources).

2
Click “Webcams.” Scroll through the available webcams until you find your specific webcam, either the QuickCam Pro 9000 or the QuickCam Pro for Notebooks.

3.Select your webcam and then select the “Downloads” tab. Select your operating system in the available drop-down and then click “Download Software.”

4
Double-click the webcam software when the download completes. Work your way through the installer by following the on-screen instructions.

Disable the QuickCam LED Light
5
Open the Logitech QuickCam software. This software allows you to control the way your webcam records video, gives you the ability to adjust lighting settings, and enables you to modify focus and exposure.

6
Select the “Advanced Settings” tab.

7
Click the “Off” radial button in the software’s “LED Control” section. Close the software when finished -- your changes save automatically.

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How to Put LED Lights Inside a Bakugan

How to Put LED Lights Inside a Bakugan
A Bakugan is a magnetized action figure that ingeniously folds its appendages into a perfect sphere. The figures are creatures that resemble dragons, robots, aliens and wizards, and each one compresses into a toy the size of a golf ball with origami-like precision. Once you add a LED light to your Bakugan, it will be unauthorized for tournament play, but it will still look incredible!

Instructions
1
Examine your Bakugan collection. Adding a light to your Bakugan will alter it permanently, so you may want to choose a figure that's a duplicate. When all Bakugan fold into their sphere forms, there is no open space inside of them. Choose a Bakugan with a simple, single bottom appendage that is not attached to the figure's arms, wings or head. On different styles of Bakugan, this bottom piece might be a belly guard, a fused foot or a base stand.

2
Grasp the bottom appendage with the needle-nose pliers as close to the body of the Bakugan as possible. Snap off the appendage, which will create a small cavity where the appendage once folded into the sphere. Fold the Bakugan into a sphere.

3.Choose two other appendages where you'd like your LED lights to poke through. This might be one LED in each wing or arm guard of the Bakugan, or both LEDs coming out of the creature's head, like glowing spikes. Using the drill and 1/4-inch bit, slowly and carefully drill one hole for each light. Only drill through the appendage, which should be about 1/4 inch thick. Do not drill into the central core of the Bakugan's body.

4
Sandwich one button battery between the two terminal wires of an LED. Secure the wires in place with clear, permanent glue. Sandwich and glue the second button battery between the terminal wires of the second LED. Allow to dry overnight.

5
Open the Bakugan sphere by placing it on the Gate Card that came with it or any metal surface.

6
Poke the LED lights up through the holes you drilled, so the LEDs stick out from the center of the Bakugan.

7
Glue the button batteries, one on top of the other, into the Bakugan's bottom cavity that you created by removing the bottom appendage. Allow the glue to dry overnight.

8
Open and close the illuminated Bakugan as normal.

Tips & Warnings
Keep in mind that the LED lights will illuminate as soon as they are in contact with the batteries. There is no room for an on/off switch in such a compact area. However, a standard LED will burn for 20,000 hours or more. If the batteries burn out, simply pry them out of the cavity with a small flat-head screwdriver, snip off the terminal wires, and glue new batteries in place.

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2014年8月31日星期日

How to Build a Grow Box With LED Lighting

How to Build a Grow Box With LED Lighting

Growing your own plants at home can be even more productive when you get them to grow inside in an organic grow box. With the advent of bright light emitting diodes, or LEDs, you can add intense light close to your seedlings without burning the plants. The construction of a grow box basically involves using a structure large enough to house your plants with extra space for air ventilation.

Instructions
1
Line a large box or plastic storage container with sheets of aluminum foil. Use a few beads of craft glue along the inside of the box to hold the foil in place. The foil will reflect more of the light around the plants than a box without foil.

2
Place a shallow tray in the bottom of the box to hold drainage water. This makes it easier to water the plants and keeps the bottom of the grow box clean.

3.Set your soil-free filled plant pots onto the tray, while leaving enough space between the plants for good air circulation.

4
Attach two rows of high-intensity white LED light strips to the bottom of the cover of the grow box. Some strips come with pre-attached adhesive while others require a few screws to keep them in place. Drill a hole through the side edge of the cover with a drill. To keep the hole small, drill the hole as large as the width of the cord and slice from the hole to the edge of the cover. Pry open the slit with a utility knife to slide your plug through.

5
Place the cover over the organic grow box. Plug in the LED lights to test. Remove the cover. Plant your seeds, add water and nutrients as needed per plant. Replace the cover on the box, turn on the LED lights and wait for the plants to sprout.

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